August 28, 2025, 4:56 am | Read time: 5 minutes
The American Water Spaniel is a true all-rounder among hunting dogs–yet still interesting for dedicated beginners. Originally bred for work in and around water, it brings endurance, intelligence, and a willingness to cooperate. Its versatility makes it a valued hunting partner, but also a loyal family dog. Rare and hardly found in Germany, it is considered a hidden gem for active dog lovers who enjoy spending time together.
Origin
The exact origins of the American Water Spaniel are not fully clarified. The breed likely traces back to old British and Irish water spaniels such as the Irish Water Spaniel or the Old English Water Spaniel. By the mid-19th century, dogs resembling the current breed type existed in the U.S., primarily used for hunting waterfowl along the Mississippi. Thanks to its medium-sized, compact stature, the dog could easily be carried in boats and retrieve game safely–both in water and on land. However, with the rise of retrievers, its popularity declined, and the breed nearly disappeared by the late 19th century.
It was not until the 1920s that the dedicated breeder Dr. Fred J. Pfeifer ensured its preservation, developed the standard, and initiated its official recognition in the U.S. in 1940. Despite these efforts, the population remained small. Today, the American Water Spaniel is mainly found in the U.S. states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota–Wisconsin even named it the official state dog. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) recognized the breed in 1979. In Europe, and especially in Germany, it remains a rarity without active breeders.
Appearance & Coat
The American Water Spaniel is a medium-sized, muscular dog with a height at the withers of 38–46 cm. Males weigh 13.5–20.5 kg, females 11.5–18 kg. Its physique appears sporty and harmonious, with the back slightly longer than tall. Characteristic features include long, broad floppy ears, an alert expression, and dense, wavy to curly fur (undulated).
The medium-length coat has a weather-resistant undercoat that protects it from cold, wetness, and wind. According to the standard, coat colors are brown, chocolate brown, and liver brown, sometimes with small white markings on the chest or paws. The coat structure is functional: It protects against hypothermia in water while allowing mobility in the field. Despite its compact appearance, the dog does not seem cumbersome but rather agile and powerful. The breed has changed little in appearance since its inception in the 19th century.
Character & Temperament
The American Water Spaniel is considered friendly, balanced, and adaptable. It shows a high willingness to learn and is strongly attached to its caregivers. Its “will to please”–the desire to please–facilitates cooperation. It usually behaves reservedly but not aggressively toward strangers. A certain tendency to bark is typical, which can be reduced with training but rarely completely eliminated.
As a hunting dog, it has a pronounced retrieving and water drive but can also be satisfied without active hunting if given alternative activities. Its robust calmness makes it a pleasant family dog that can handle children well, provided it is mentally and physically engaged. It generally accepts other dogs and pets if socialized early.
Training
Training the American Water Spaniel succeeds with consistent but loving guidance. Harshness is counterproductive and can disrupt trust. Due to its willingness to cooperate, the breed is also suitable for beginners, provided they have basic knowledge and are willing to invest time in training and socialization. Dog schools and puppy playgroups are recommended to promote obedience and social skills. It is important to control barking and offer the dog varied learning stimuli. Hunting dog training or dog sports such as obedience can optimally utilize its natural abilities.
Proper Care & Maintenance
The American Water Spaniel can be kept both in a house with a garden and in a sufficiently large apartment–ideally with access to green spaces. It needs plenty of daily exercise combined with mental engagement. Long walks, swimming, or dog sports are important for its well-being.
The coat should be brushed twice a week to prevent matting. Bathing is only necessary when heavily soiled, using mild dog shampoo. The floppy ears should be regularly checked and cleaned, and the nails trimmed as needed. Dental care through brushing or special snacks prevents tartar.
Nutrition
As an active dog, the American Water Spaniel requires a protein-rich, meat-based diet. Meat should be the first ingredient in the food declaration, while grains and sugar should be avoided as much as possible. The amount of food depends on age, weight, activity level, and health status. Fresh water must always be available.
Suitable options include wet or dry food and a balanced raw diet (BARF) with vegetable and carbohydrate components. Snacks and treats–including bananas, which many Water Spaniels reportedly enjoy–should be given in moderation to prevent obesity. After feeding, a rest period is important for digestion to prevent gastric torsion.
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Susceptibility to Certain Diseases
The American Water Spaniel is considered robust but has breed-specific susceptibilities. Genetic eye diseases such as cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) can occur, as well as epilepsy, diabetes, or hypothyroidism. Hip dysplasia is rare but should be preventively considered, especially during growth: Excessive strain and jumping should be avoided in puppyhood.
Regular veterinary check-ups, an adapted exercise program, and a balanced diet contribute to maintaining health. The life expectancy is 12–14 years.
The American Water Spaniel at a Glance
- Character: friendly, eager to learn & cooperative
- Size: 38–46 cm
- Weight: 11.5–20.5 kg
- Coat: wavy to curly, weather-resistant undercoat
- Exercise Needs: high
- Average Life Expectancy: 12–14 years
- Special Features: requires significant engagement